This self-assessment requires a minimum passing score of 70% to claim CME for this activity. You will have unlimited attempts to achieve a passing score.

This learning activity meets the self-assessment criteria of the Part II: Life-long Learning and Self-Assessment component as part of the ABPM&R's Maintenance of Certification^©program.

Learning Objectives
After completing this enduring material, the participant should be able to:

• Recognize appropriate clinical management strategies and apply these techniques and knowledge into their practice.
• Assess the current state of their knowledge specific to the activity topic and identify knowledge gaps in which additional study is needed.
• Develop a strategy to closing the identified knowledge gaps using resources provided as references within the activity.

Associated Articles

Dowell D, Haegerich T, Chou R. Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain -- United States, 2016.MMWR Recomm Rep 2016; 65(No. RR-11); 1-49. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1

Schaefer CP, Tome ME, Davis TP. The Opioid Epidemic: A Central Role of the Blood Brain Barrier in Opioid Analgesia and Abuse. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. 2017; 14:32-43.

Washington State Agency Medical Directors' Group in collaboration with an Expert Advisory Panel, Actively Practicing Providers, Public Stakeholders, and Senior State Officials. Interagency Guideline in Prescribing Opioids for Pain. 3rd Edition, June 2015.

Volkow ND, McLellan AT. Opioid Abuse in Chronic Pain - Misconceptions and Mitigation Strategies. N Engl J Med 2017; 374:1253-63. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1507771.

Schuckit MA. Treatment of Opioid-Use Disorders. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:357-68. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1604339.

Patel M. Opioid Managment for Chronic Pain. PM&R Knowledge NOW. November 11, 2011. Updated September 16, 2016.

Savage SR, Joranson DE, Covington ED, et.al. Definitions Related to the Medical Use of Opioids: Evolution Towards Universal Agreement. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;26:655-667.

Patrick SW, Dudley J, Martin PR, Harrell FE et al. Prescription Opioid Epidemic and Infant Outcomes. Pediatrics. 2015 Dec; 135(5):842-850.

Stover MW, Davis JM. Opioids in Pregnancy and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Semin Perinatol. 2015 Nov; 39(7):561-565.

The American Academy of Pain Medicine. Methadone for Pain Management: Improving Clinical Decision Making. July 2016.

Accreditation Statement

AAPM&R is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

CME Credit Designation

AAPM&R designates this enduring material for a maximum of 8.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Faculty and their Disclosures
All faculty, planners and reviewers participating in continuing medical education programs must disclose to the learner any financial interests with any commercial supporter or other relationships with manufacturer(s) or providers of any product or service related to content of their presentation. For this activity, all self-assessment questions were developed and peer-reviewed to ensure quality and independence by the Self-Assessment Committee, under the oversight of the chair and the Medical Education Committee.  Their disclosures are provided below.  Disclosures from the article authors can be found in the article PDFs.

Prinicpal Faculty/Self-Assessment Committee Members:
Atul T. Patel, MD, MHSA, Chair
Speaker's Bureau for Allergan, Ipsen, Merz; participates in clinical trials for Ipsen, Merz, and Revance; Guideline and AUC Committee for the AAOS, nonremunerative position of influence.

Kim D. D. Barker, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Carol Y. Crooks, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Kevin N. Hakimi, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

David J. Haustein, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Jill R. Meilahn, DO
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Virtaj Singh, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

AAPM&R Medical Education Committee:
Steve R. Flanagan, MD, Chair
Royalties from Springer Publishing; research grant from Brain Injury of America

Anna-Christina Bevelaqua, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Justin M. Bishop, MD, MBA, MS (RPC Liaison)
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Joseph E. Burris, MD
Serves on the Speakers Bureau for, and received clinical research grants from Allergan.

John C. Cianca, MD
Independent contractor, Houston Marathon Committee; owner, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Consultants, LLC; consultant, 2nd MD; royalties from Demos Medical Publishing

Andrew B. Collins, MD (RPC Liaison)
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Rita G. Hamilton, DO
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Mark E. Huang, MD
Holds a nonremunerative position of influence at Cerner Corporation.

R. Sam Mayer, MD
Royalties from Demos Medical Publishing.

Andre Panagos, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Atul T. Patel, MD, MHSA
Speakers Bureau for Allergan, Ipsen, Merz; participates in clinical trials for Ipsen, Merz, and Revance; Guideline and AUC Committee for the AAOS, nonremunerative position of influence.

Kerrie M. Reed, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Sunil Sabharwal, MD
Royalities from Demos Publishing; board member, American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Rebecca DeVivo, MPH, MSW
Staff Liaison
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

No other planners, faculty or other individuals in control of content disclosed any relevant financial relationships.